Solar-Based Smart Charging Station with Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for Electric Vehicles and Monitoring using IoT

Abstract

Solar-Powered Smart Charging Station with Wireless power transfer (wpt) for EV and monitoring it by IoT presents a hassle-free EV charging solution by combining solar power with wireless charging technology. The system gets maximized by utilizing solar energy and the grid supply as a backup to provide continuous operation. Wireless charging does away with physical connectors by delivering energy through inductive coupling between coils. It includes RFID- enabled secure payment and access, enabling users to program charging by desired units. It has an LCD front panel that reports real-time data such as output voltage and payment status. Integrated sensors for fault detection and regulated DC-to-DC converters ensure safety through stable energy supply. Automatic switching of sources adds to the reliability. The system brings together energy efficiency, sustainability, and convenience of use, furthering the development of smart and green EV infrastructure.

Introduction

The rising demand for Electric Vehicles (EVs) has created a need for efficient, sustainable, and user-friendly charging infrastructure. Solar-powered charging stations are a promising solution due to their renewable, eco-friendly energy source and potential to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and carbon emissions. Integrating wireless power transfer (WPT) into EV charging eliminates physical connectors, enhances convenience, and prolongs system life. Smart features, such as RFID-based access, real-time user interfaces, automated power source switching, and cloud monitoring, enable hassle-free, intelligent charging while optimizing energy use.

Key Advantages of Solar-Based Smart EV Charging:

• Reduces load on the electrical grid and provides emission-free energy.

• Enhances user convenience through cable-free wireless charging.

• Optimizes energy efficiency using solar power with grid backup.

• Enables real-time monitoring, fault detection, and automated power management.

Literature Insights:

• Multiple studies show solar-powered wireless charging with IoT integration improves energy efficiency (12–22%) and system reliability.

• Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), cloud monitoring, AI predictive maintenance, and blockchain can enhance performance.

• Challenges include high installation/maintenance costs, scalability, network reliability, and solar variability.

Problem Identified:
Traditional EV charging infrastructure is unsustainable, grid-dependent, and lacks user-friendly features, limiting convenience, scalability, and environmental benefits.

Objectives:

1. Prioritize solar energy with grid backup.

2. Enable wireless, cable-free charging using WPT.

3. Integrate RFID-based authentication and customizable charging.

4. Provide LCD monitoring and sensor-based fault detection.

5. Send key data (battery temperature, vehicles charged) to the cloud for remote monitoring.

Methodology:

• The system uses an ATmega328 microcontroller to control sensors, relays, display, and cloud communication.

• Solar panels provide primary energy, with a 12V battery storing excess power.

• RFID authentication ensures secure access, triggering wireless charging via inductive coupling.

• A 16×2 LCD displays charging status, while an ESP-01 Wi-Fi module sends real-time data to the cloud.

• Sensor readings are continuously checked to ensure safe, automated charging.

Hardware Components:
ATmega328 microcontroller, solar panel, LCD display, RFID reader & tags, ESP-01 Wi-Fi module, temperature sensor, wireless charging unit, relay, and 12V battery.

Conclusion

The combination of solar power, wireless charging, and IoT monitoring technologies within electric vehicle (EV) charging stations offers a viable and futuristic solution to contemporary transportation needs. The project clearly showcases how clean renewable solar energy can be used to charge EVs without a direct plug-in option, thus simplifying the process for users and improving efficiency. The IoT module provides substantial value through real-time monitoring of system parameters including charging status, voltage levels, and fault detection, enhancing both safety and performance. As a whole, this system minimizes fossil fuel dependence, decreases greenhouse gas emissions, and optimizes energy efficiency, totally in sync with the world\'s move toward cleaner technologies. In the future, this project may be developed further by installing dynamic wireless charging (charging on the go), AI-driven energy management, and blockchain-based secure payment systems. The addition of fast charging capacities, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration, and machine learning algorithms for predictive maintenance can make it even more efficient and smarter. Also, scaling up the design to accommodate multiple EVs in unison and linking the data to a cloud-based centralized dashboard for smart city connectivity will enable large-scale deployment in global public and private infrastructures.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Adith P, Akash S, Harish M V, K Vamshikrishna, Dr. Bharathi Gururaj. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.